Montenegro

Executive summary

Montenegro's engagement with Cuban medical cooperation began on 22 May 2019, when a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in Geneva, yet no medical brigade was ever deployed—even during the Covid-19 pandemic—leaving the mission permanently inactive with zero active personnel. No independent participant statistics exist to compare against official figures, as none were ever generated. While no direct labour rights violations are documented within Montenegro itself, the country falls under the broader Cuban medical export framework governed by Cuba's coercive legal apparatus, including Resolution 368/2020, Article 176 of the Penal Code, and Decree 306/2012. Since June 2024, Montenegro has been folded into a patient-export scheme managed from Belgrade. A cooperation agreement that produced no cooperation. An inactive mission still entangled in an active system of exploitation.

Mission data

Research profile