China

Executive summary

Cuba's medical collaboration with China began in 2004, formalized by the 2014 Memorandum of Cooperation renewed in 2021, and remains active with 8 sanitarios in 2026 amid an accumulated total of 100 collaborators, having centered on ophthalmology across Hefei, Xining, and Baoying. Reported brigade sizes for the 2008 Chengdu earthquake response vary dramatically across sources—from 35 to 137 personnel—revealing significant inconsistencies in official Cuban reporting. Documented violations include forced alteration of medical statistics and mandatory political actions abroad, alongside labor abuses under Cuba's Penal Code, Migration Law, and Decree 306, with wages withheld far below market value. Behind clinical statistics lie silenced testimonies of coercion. Numbers manipulated, freedoms restricted—the true cost of "cooperation."

Mission data

Research profile